The Charge of the Light Brigade Essay example -- English Literature

The Charge of the Light Brigade War poetry is a theme that has inspired many poets. Compare and contrast poems by 2 poets from different eras and cultures. Say which one you prefer and why. The two poems and the poets that I am going to look at are The Charge of the Light Brigade written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Dulce ET Decorum Est. Pro Patria Mori by Wilfred Owen. The first poem was written during the reign of Queen Victoria in England. During this time the Victorians as the people were called had a very religious outlook on life. The account was written by the poet because it was such a bad battle that the government couldn’t let the people see that it had made a great mistake and so it commissioned Tennyson to write the poem saying what a wonderful battle it had been. It was a cover up. The second poem was written by Wilfred Owen while he was on active service during the First World War. He was a young man and was against the terrible waste of life the First World War caused. He believed this was due to bad leadership by the generals. Wilfred Owen was able to experience the war as it really was whereas Tennyson never actually saw the battle he was writing about. Owens’s poem was written because he was in the war and wants to tell you what it was like in the war I am going to write about The Charge of The Light Brigade which is about the Crimean War which was fought between Russia on the one hand and Britain France and Turkey on the other. The charge of the light brigade occurred in November 1854 at Balaclava in the Crimea. The brave six hundred rode straight down a valley that was fortified at its end by many cannon served by Russian and Cossack gunners. The heroes were following confus... ...nces between the two poems are that in one the poet is saying that the war could not have gone any better, and the poem is telling you that the war was the worst one ever. Also The Charge of the Light Brigade has a â€Å"galloping† rhythm all most all the way through the poem. In the Dulce ET Decorum EST Pro Patria Mori poem there is no obvious rhythm to this poem and in fact the slow pace of the poem makes us think of the soldiers trudging through the muddy trenches. One was involved in fighting but Tennyson was simply writing about an event he’d read about and was against the cruelty and waste of life war brought whereas Tennyson wanted people to feel that war was honourable worthwhile and necessary. I prefer Dulce et Decorum est. as it is more realistic and makes me feel sorry for the men in the poem. Tennyson poem does not give a true account of the war.

The Effects Of Hydration Health And Social Care Essay

Blood force per unit area, or the sum of force exerted on our arterias as blood is pumped through them, is frequently measured to estimate an person ‘s general province of wellness ( James 2010 ) . Age, weight, dietetic wonts, emotional conditions, and general fittingness all contribute to arterial blood force per unit area ( Weedman and Sokoloski 2009 ) . It has been confirmed by recent surveies that environmental factors, like quicksilver exposure, can act upon an addition in blood force per unit area over clip ( Valera et al 2009 ) . About tierce of grownups worldwide suffer from high blood pressure, or high blood force per unit area ( Castaneda-Bueno and Gamba 2010 ) . Using a factor of our ain, the lab pupils conducted an experiment to prove the association between desiccation and blood force per unit area. I hypothesized that desiccation had a direct relationship with high blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; that is, the more dehydrated an person, the higher their blood force per unit area and bosom rate would be. With increased hydration, blood force per unit area and bosom rates would diminish to endorse to basal rates. The significance of this peculiar analysis is to prove whether hydration degrees in an single influences their blood force per unit area and/or bosom rates. A similar experiment has been performed with hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that desiccation in babies may take to future high blood force per unit area in grownups ( Smith et al 2006 ) .MATERIALS AND METHODSTo run our experiment, we used an instrument called a â€Å" sphygmomanometer † to mensurate our arterial blood force per unit area. The group of topics dwelling of 26 pupils conducted three basal readings, before devouring H2O, at a somewhat dehydrated province. After two hours, our desiccation degrees were higher. Using our three basal readings we antecedently collected for control variables, we instantly began imbibing room-temperature H2O. I consumed about 16 ounces before taking the first of five blood force per unit area measurings, each done three proceedingss apart, for a corporate 12 proceedingss of appraising. Blood force per unit area, in this instance, would be the dependent variable, whereas the sum of H2O consumed ( hydration degree ) would be the independent variable. After carry oning the experiment and entering each blood force per unit area and bosom rate measuring, the group ‘s information was consolidated. Using all of the collected information, I averaged the blood force per unit areas and bosom rates, computed the p-values utilizing several of the informations sets coupled with the last measurings ( after 12 proceedingss ) by running six t-tests, and found the scopes of overall blood force per unit area and bosom rate.ConsequenceThis experiment was conducted to mensurate the correlativity between hydration and blood force per unit area and bosom rate. I compared six informations sets with the 12 minute station informations set by making paired t-tests ( table 5 ) , and found that three of them had a p-value of less than 0.05. This suggests that the variable alteration between the compared information sets has a less than five percent chance of happening by opportunity. The information sets that had important p-values were the radical pulse rate ( 3 ) , radical systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) , and diastolic blood force per unit area at clip 0. One information set, systolic blood force per unit area at clip 0, had a p-value of 0.06974 which is really close to significance but can non be considered as solid grounds. The other two informations sets, basal diastolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) and pulse rate at clip 0, had really high p-values ( 0.407448 and 0.799202 ) and can non be used as support. The norms for systolic blood force per unit area, diastolic blood force per unit area, and bosom rate were calculated and plotted on three different charts in comparing to clip ( 0 to 12 proceedingss ) . Each of the charts illustrates similar inclinations. Get downing at a maximal value, there is an initial lessening from clip zero to six proceedingss ( values at lower limit ) . Then there is a little addition from six to nine proceedingss, and eventually, a little lessening at the terminal of the 12 proceedingss. In the instance of secret plan 3, the bosom rate mean remains changeless after six proceedingss. Harmonizing to table 4, the scopes for all pulse rates and all blood force per unit areas were calculated as 69 and 75/65, severally. Three separate tabular arraies ( 1-3 ) represent basal pulse rate and blood force per unit area norms, post-drinking pulsation rate norms ( at 12 proceedingss ) , and post-drinking blood force per unit area norms.Time ( min )036912Mean71.69 70.12 69.44 70.56 70.56Time ( min )036912Mean120/79 114/70 110/66 117/77 114/72Data SetsOverall PROverall BPScope69 75/65Basal Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure AveragesTable 1 Table 3 Table 5Post-Drinking Pulse Rate AveragesTable 2Post-Drinking Blood Pressure AveragesT-test Consequences( All paired with 12 min post informations )Scopes for Pulse Rates and Blood PressuresData SetsBasal PR 3Basal Systolic BP 3Basal Diastolic BP 3Time 0 PRTime 0 Systolic BPTime 0 Diastolic BPp-values0.00079 0.04239 0.407448 0.799202 0.06974 0.04954 Table 4Data SetsBasal Pulse Rate 1Basal PR 2Basal PR 3Basal Blood Pressure 1Basal BP 2Basal BP3Mean77.07692 79.23077 77.7307 112/70 110/70 107/69Time ( min )036912Systolic120114110117114Time ( min )036912Diastolic7970667772Time ( min )036912Heart Rate71.6970.11569.4470.5670.56Plot 1Plot 2Plot 3DiscussionMy hypothesis for this experiment was that increased desiccation in an person would demo increased blood force per unit areas and bosom rates. I predicted to see a dramatic lessening in these measurings from our basal readings ( dehydrated province ) to the 12 proceedingss after full hydration. After carry oning the experiment and running these t-tests with the collected information, there is important grounds to back up my hypothesis and suggest that hydration is negatively correlated with blood force per unit area and bosom rate. The value of 0.00079 agencies that the consequences of radical bosom rate ( 3 ) measurings correlate with hydration, and the chance of the diminishing tendency happening by opportunity was merely.079 % . Basal systolic blood force per unit area ( 3 ) had a p-value of.04239, and diastolic blood force per unit area at zero proceedingss had a p-value of.04954. The chances that those two occurred by opportunity were both under 5 % . This suggests that those measurings exceptionally declined as a consequence of increased hydration, which provides important grounds to back up my hypothesis. The graphs that depict blood force per unit area versus clip show that, from clip 0 to clip 12, blood force per unit area decreases from a high scope back down to a normal scope. Heart rate and blood force per unit area are, by and large, straight related, therefore my hypothesis should hold been reflected through the t-test computations of all blood force per unit area and bosom rate measurings. The three high p-values that contradict the remainder of the consequences could hold been due to input mistakes on the computing machine ; besides, some informations came up clean upon having the excel spreadsheet, hence some variables were non accounted for. Using the basal measurements we gathered from two hours before get downing this experiment likely skewed the consequences, for these Numberss could non accurately reflect what our force per unit areas and rates were at our most dehydrated province of the experiment ( right before imbibing ) . Another survey has been done to prove hydration and blood force per unit area, and the consequences show that hydration is straight related to lower resting blood force per unit area ( Patterson and Spinks 2002 ) . This survey ‘s t-test values were exhaustively important plenty to reason that the relationship between blood force per unit area and hydration is strongly, negatively correlated with one another ; as hydration increased, blood force per unit area decreased. The most of the consequences of our experiment do hold with this survey, chiefly with the significance of the low p-values and overall decision that hydration and blood force per unit area are negatively correlated. One failing in the process that I found to be a beginning of inaccuracy was the usage of basal measurings that we took at a more hydrous province than when we really started the experiment. To genuinely compare blood force per unit area and bosom rates before and after imbibing, we should hold re-measured basal rates under the most dehydrated province possible, right before we began to imbibe. Another possible failing in process was maintaining the volume of H2O invariable for every pupil. We do non cognize how much every one drank, precisely, hence consequences could hold been affected by deficient fluid ingestion and eventual rehydration. This experiment has led to the decision that hydration affects blood force per unit area and bosom rate ; from a dehydrated status, blood force per unit area and bosom rate by and large decrease as hydration additions.Literature CitedCastaneda-Bueno M, and Gamba G. Feb 2010. SPAKling insight into blood force per unit area ordinance. EMBO Molecular Medicine. 2 ( 2 ) : 39-41. James, DCS. Hypertension. FAQs.org. [ Internet ] . [ updated 2010 ] . [ cited 1 February 2010 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.faqs.org/nutrition/Hea-Irr/Hypertension.html. Patterson SM, Spinks DE, and the Society for Psychophysiological Research. 2002. Relationship between hydration sweetening and blood force per unit area: More is better. Psychophysiology. Washington D.C. p 39. Smith GD, Leary S, Ness S, and The ALSPAC Study Team. 2006. Could dehydration in babyhood lead to high blood force per unit area? J Epidemiol Community Health. 60:142-143. Valera B, Dewailly E , and Poirier P. Nov 2009. Environmental Mercury Exposure and Blood Pressure Among Nunavik Inuit Adults. American Heart Association, Inc. 54:981. Weedman D, and Sokoloski ES. 2009. Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology. In: Biology of Organisms: Lab Manual for LIFE103, 5e. Mason, ( OH ) : Cengage Learning. p 173-184.

Literary Analysis Of Dulce Et Decorum Est - 702 Words

The poem ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ by Wilfred Owen is a shocking and thought provoking poem which details the experiences of soldiers in the trenches during WW1. Owen uses graphic descriptions of life in the trenches to convey a powerful message to the reader. He uses many important techniques to describe to the readers the graphics of war. He also uses his poetry as a vehicle to express his ideas on the horror and futility of war. This poem was made to un idolize the idea of war and to create an emotional response. The reader is introduced to the horror of war in the first lines of the poem as Owen depicts the poor physical condition of the men. â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks†. This simile demonstrates to the people reading†¦show more content†¦The change of pace in â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!† is a stark contrast to the slow, laborious pace of the march as reflected in the long sentences of the first verse. The sentence structure encapsulates the panic and urgency felt by the men. The use of short words and exclamation marks mirror their alarm and the words ‘Gas! Gas!’ Are used to reflect the unexpected and abrupt nature of the attack. This emotionally affects me as reader because when reading the poem out load it changes the pace drastically and makes me feel upset because they were in such a hurry to put gas masks on. Finally, the bitter irony of the poem is revealed in the last lines as he attacks those who would argue that death in war is glorious, â€Å"my friend, you would not tell with such high zest†. Here, Owen employs the use of second person to address the stay at home patriots and those who would encourage young men to give up their lives for their country. The use of ‘my friend’ is deeply ironic and betrays his anger as he holds these people accountable for what he and so many others has had to endure. The irony of the poem makes me upset because people are glorifying war and making it seem as though it is something that young men should sign up for. In conclusion, the poem ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ by Wilfred Owen is a deeply poignant poem that uses a variety of powerful techniques to express a very powerfulShow MoreRelatedWilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† The world is a changing place with many different countries and people in those countries who try to change the world from our past, future and present. When looking at poems from the past we are able to see the world through the author’s eyes of the time and possible a view into the future. History tells us to learn from the past to improve the future of our world. A way to learn about the past is by reading poems from a time mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est1692 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Welcome back to the Poetry and Society unit of the literature topic. We are moving on from last week’s poetry type, American slam and we are now studying Protest and Resistance poetry. The protest poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, written by Wilfred Owen, challenges the dominant World War One ideologies of militarism and nationalism. You will find that this poem is a great example as it defies the dominant values and beliefs of war in Britain. Wilfred Owen Let’s discuss the poet. WilfredRead MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† Wilfred Owen’s poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, is a powerful poem with graphical lifelike images on the reality of war. It is blatantly apparent that the author was a soldier who experienced some of the most gruesome images of war. His choice of words, diction, tone, syntax, and metaphor’s paint a vivid picture in a brilliant poem. His choice for the poem’s name is ironical in itself. The entire phrase is â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est Pro patriaRead MoreThe Movie Park Avenue : Money, Power And The American Dream858 Words   |  4 PagesFor this reason, people never take the opportunity to evaluate the true facts behind that dream. In the documentary â€Å"Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream† by Director Alex Gibney, an analysis of the true facts behind the ‘American dream’ is presented (Lee). Similarly, the poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen speaks about the true facts of a war that people foolish ly dream to go to for honor (Owen). The two are distinct in the sense of their nature. The first piece by Gibney is a documentary

Is Otolaryngology A Important Career - 1403 Words

Alexa Garza English 9.5 Career Research This research paper is going to be talking about a really important career which is Otolaryngology. This job is really important to know about because many people suffer from the problems that this one studies or works for and the experts may help a lot. What I mean with â€Å"problems† is like the ear, nose, and throat issues that people my present. In this research paper of my chosen career will be talking more detailed about the job, its educational requirements, the salaries, and showing some graphs, charts and citations. Maybe some of the information that is going to be given will be good for your knowledge and is really interesting to know. Garza, 1 Alexa Garza Mrs. Sanchez†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The nice thing about otolaryngology is that it’s nice balance between helping patients in the office without needing o do surgery and fixing them† (Dr. Malis , page 1) As this doctor said, he doesn’t have to do surgeries if needed, he would do anything for his patients except hurt them or do something inappropriate. (floridatoday.com , pages 1-2) Garza, 2 Most ENT surgeons work in private practice but also in academic settings. They treat problems of upper pharynx, larynx, oral cavity, head and neck structures besides the ENT region. They examine some affected organs with some special equipment such as x-ray machines, microscopes, prisms, fluoroscopes and audiometers. (greatsampleresume.com , page 2) Otolaryngologists work for a long period of time and really hard. Most of them have critical thinking, and solving skills, they are able to work well under stressful conditions and have also a huge strong moral philosophy. (greatsampleresume.com ,page 3) â€Å"I think just in is you assume they have got good technical skills, but really it is judgment. That’s something that often times folks don’t appreciate† ( Dr. Malis , page 2) Doctor Malis is haring with us his experiences as a ENT doctor. (floridatoday.com , page 2) Garza, 3 Part II: Education To be an otolaryngologist you have to experience really difficult things but they are worth in many ways, you can have a better

Hypertension High Blood Pressure - 1881 Words

Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. What does it mean to have high blood pressure? Blood pressure can be defined as the amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries. It is when the systolic reading is greater than 140 and the diastolic is greater than 90. Systolic is blood pressure when the heart contracts while diastolic is the time when the heart is relaxed. Primary care physicians are accustomed to seeing cases of hypertension. However this common diagnosis can lead to more serious illnesses such as chronic kidney disease, stroke, heart attack, aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, and even death (Tipton Sullivan, 2014). Hypertension usually occurs with no symptoms however its effects are seen in other serious diseases as mention previously. One way of knowing whether a patient is suffering from high blood pressure is to have their blood pressure checked. Most severe cases of hypertension can cause symptoms of severe headache, nausea or vomiting, confusion, vision changes, and nosebleeds. There are many reasons why a patient may have high blood pressure. Eating a diet containing high levels of sodium is one cause. Others include drinking too much alcohol, smoking, obesity, and if a person is more stressed or anxious. Medical history also plays a significant role in whether a person will suffer from hypertension. Histories of diabetes or family history of high blood pressure are risk factors. CertainShow MoreRelatedHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1124 Words   |  5 Pages Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a sickness that a great many individuals of different varieties are influenced by. In spite of the fact that stress and emotional pressure can incidentally expand pulse; however it would not be considered as hypertension. Hypertension normally is there with no manifestations. It may happen and stay inconspicuous for a long time. Individuals, until told by a therapeutic doct or by large disregard hypertension. Individuals are not mindful of how hypertensionRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Many of my clients with high blood pressure take premium Omega-3 oils, and have reported benefits such as decrease in spikes, normalized pressure readings and other cardiovascular beneficial effects. Hypertension is High Blood Pressure, and blood pressure is defined as: (from Wikipedia) ... the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arteriolesRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1938 Words   |  8 Pages HYPERTENSION Summer 2015 Bhavneet K. Singh High blood pressure Definition: The heart is supplies the organs and tissues of the body with blood and nutrients it carries. It pumps blood into the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The blood that is pumped into these vessels puts pressure on the walls of the vessels. When the heart muscle contracts during each beat, the pressure rises as well. Blood pressure may be different at different times of the day. It is usually higher when someoneRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1192 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension is unusually high blood pressure that affects nearly 600 million people around the world. So many people are affected because hypertension rarely shows any symptoms while damaging the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys. There is no known cure for hypertension although it causes five million premature deaths per year. One of the most effective hypertension treatments is homeopathy, a branch of alternative medicine based on the idea that the body has the ability to heal itself. Ther e is evidenceRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1157 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health issue worldwide, in addition to the vast amounts of strokes, chronic kidney diseases (CDK), and heart failures. However, organized hypertension prevention and control interventions have demonstrated to decrease the detrimental outcomes. Additionally, the management of salt consumption also displays a decrease of blood pressure towards the population at risk. A global-base assessment of hypertension programs and salt consumptions was performedRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure2401 Words   |  10 PagesBackground Introduction Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure; a diet high in salt may predispose to hypertension. An increase in levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral vascular disease (stroke) and peripheral vascular disease. Within the western countries, those associated with a higher economic status, hypertension accounts for around 17% of deaths. A positive correlation between intakeRead MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1767 Words   |  8 PagesHypertension Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is a condition that increases the chance of developing heart disease, which is the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Hypertension affects approximately 75 million adults in America, which translates to 29% of the population.1 Hypertension is a chronic condition that results with lasting blood pressure readings of 140/90 and higher and affects the cardiovascular system in the human body. The cardiovascular system is comprisedRead MoreHypertension ( Htn ), Or High Blood Pressure1000 Words   |  4 PagesHypertension (HTN), or high blood pressure, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and is one of the most common health issues among adults. It affects nearly 50 million people in the United States and over 1 billion around the world (Porth, 2015, p. 425). Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted on arterial walls as blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. A certain amount of pressure is necessar y in order to perfuse blood throughout the whole body. Normal blood pressureRead MoreEffects Of Hypertension On High Blood Pressure999 Words   |  4 Pages1DEFINITION: Hypertension has been defined as systolic pressure 140mmhg and diastolic pressure 90mmhg based on the average of two or more correct blood pressure measurement taken during two or more contacts with a health care provider (Chobania et al,2003). 2.2.2 CLASSIFICATION: It has been classified by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention ,Detection, Evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure(JNC, 2003) TYPE MEASUREMENT(mmHg) Normal 120/80 Pre-hypertension 120/80-139/89

Nursing and Health Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Nursing and Health Sciences. Answer: Introduction: The given case study is about Mr. John who has Downs syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. The patient also suffers from a chronic illness that is Diabetes Mellitus. Downs syndrome is a genetic disorder that results due to an error in the process of cell division, which is known as nondisjunction that leads to the formation of three copies of chromosome 21. The primary aim of treatment for individuals with Downs syndrome is based on the intellectual and physical needs together with personal strengths and limitations (Foley et al., 2014). This essay will analyze health challenges that the patient may face due to his health condition and disability. It will interpret the how the health challenges may affect the health and wellbeing of the patient. Using the ICF model, it will discuss patients social participation is restricted by cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes. Finally the essay will explain the interventiosn that nurse take to improve diet and physical activity in patients and promo te positive health outcome in patient. According to Escorpizo et al. (2013), Downs syndrome is the most common genetic birth defect and results in mental retardation. It is a recognized fact that the individuals suffering from this syndrome posse an increased occurrence of autoimmune disorders that affects the endocrine as well as the non-endocrine organs (Foley et al., 2014). The cases of Downs syndrome are associated with diabetes mellitus. The individuals suffering from Downs syndrome have characteristic features and levels of intellectual disability. They face a number of challenges associated with health and development. The individuals suffering from Downs syndrome has impaired facial features like small ears, flat face, small mouth and slanting eyes. They have abnormal thinking pattern and memory. Their intelligence level is below average. The patient is having two chronic health issues; Downs syndrome and Diabetes mellitus. According to Rouquette et al. (2015) a number of individuals suffering from Downs syndrome experience lesser secretion of insulin, mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress in the beta cells of the pancreas that produces insulin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood sugar levels together with the lack of insulin. The common symptoms include unexplained weight loss, frequent urination and increased thirst. The other symptoms may also comprise feeling of tiredness and increased hunger. The research literature evidently reports enhanced outcomes of health when diabetes mellitus is managed in the community via education supporting for and improving the behaviors of self-care (Gulanick Myers, 2013). Nonetheless, it is not easy to be successful when an individual has an intellectual disability. Not only the individuals attempted for readjusting to a new life living with a disability, but also approaching to the terms by means of learning new routines and skills for managing their chronic il lness (Escorpizo et al., 2013). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework of World Health Organization (WHO), and measures health and disability at the individual as well as the population levels (Rouquette et al., 2015). It is designed for enabling the measurement as well as impact of the interaction of health as well as disability in an individual. Health practitioner measures interaction of health by analyzing disability functions like functional impairment, activity limitation and activity restriction. Mr. John is a patient with diabetes and he has increased risk of mobility disorder, limited ability to perform daily task and intellectual dysfunction. As Mr. John is also a patient with Downs syndrome and he may face health and development of challenges. Such patients require a lot of support and they may not be able to live an independent life. He may face delay in development and difficulties in learning. They lose the confidence to participate in social activi ties because of speech impairment and inability to speak clearly (Corry et al., 2013). Among all the factors, one factor has been reported as an environmental barrier which is social attitudes. As the Mr. John is living in a community, he may face challenges due to the attitude of other people who do not understand what it means to have Downs syndrome. People do not see them as individual but a person with Downs syndrome who has same complications. But, there is large variation in individuals with Downs syndrome and they may face their own unique disability, strength and weakness. These effects together with the symptoms of Downs syndrome signify that the potential activity of the patient is limited severely, denoting the participation of the patient in the activities that will directly as well as indirectly benefit the heath and well being of the patient in the given case scenario (Butcher et al., 2013). A nurse can utilize various strategies to assist John in managing diabetes. One strategy is proper physical activity and diet management plan for patients. According to Ley et al., (2014), evidence based clinical trials has highlighted the importance of nutrients and food modification on the prevention Type 2 Diabetes. It showed that observing the quality of food like amount of carbohydrate consumed is more important than the quantity of macronutrients. The nurse could adopt strategies to encourage John to diet rich foods like vegetable, legumes, and nuts and discourage him from eating refined grains, red or processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages. Diet changes will help in reducing the risk of the disease and improve glucose level in Mr. John. It will also be important for nurse to teach her self-management intervention to control Mr. Johns diabetes. Self-management intervention is required for effective diet control and monitoring of blood glucose level. Nurse will play a rol e in educating Mr. John about how to maintain diabetes specific quality of life. Increasing physical activity has the greatest potential to improve metabolic control (Heinrich et al., 2015). Weigh loss intervention is also important for Mr. John as it will lead to improvement in glycaemic control, minimize risk factors for cardiovascular disease, quality of life and obesity related illness. The nurse can also utilize technologies like mobile phones, text messages, website and computer-based learning technology to educate and enhance physical activity learning in Mr. John. Reinforcement strategies like phone calls and email counseling is effective for behavioral change in Mr. John. They should educate the patient regarding self-management and should provide a structured education for type 2 diabetes (Pal et al., 2013). Regarding diet and lifestyle, they should tell the patient to consume a healthy diet and should perform physical exercises. A combination of aerobics and exercise may prove to be more efficient for managing the blood glucose levels in comparison to one type of exercise alone. Aerobic exercises improve the uptake of blood glucose levels by means of a greater action of insulin and are also independent of the alterations in aerobic capacity or mass of the muscles (Gregg et al., 2012). The care providers of the patient should be involved in providing education to the patient regarding the importance of physical activity and diet. In addition, the nurses must ensure that the care provider is informed properly since the self-management of the patient will be dependent on the awareness and knowledge of the caregiver regarding Downs syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes (Scheen, 2014). The patient in the given case scenario is vital for the accomplishment of this plan and therefore he must also be integrated. Gulanick Myers (2013), suggested relating the patient since they emphasize only individuals who are learned properly are best positioned for pa rticipating in the activities of self-care (Wu et al., 2013). Some other researchers recommended utilizing basic language to a suitable level. The tools such as visual aids can assist this procedure. For instance, making a diet plan, which comprises the figure of brain, pictures in which the individuals are eating healthy foods and performing exercises, a figure of a doctor and hospital may strengthen the association between the efficient interventions/strategies and Downs syndrome associated with diabetes (Steinsbekk et al., 2012). These interventions/strategies are predominantly important for the patient as his intellectual disability will affect his ability of understanding and retaining these details. A number other strategies can be put into practice for assisting the patient such as making a diet chart, maintain a food dairy, performing different new exercises effectively (Heinrich, Schaper de Vries, 2015). In the end, it can be concluded that it is apparent that considering the relation between intellectual disability and chronic illness is necessary for the nurses for informing their practice. The dilemma, which is faced, by the patient and his care provider in such an environment involves the balancing of needs for the promotion of involvement, but with the recognition of the patients activity restrictions currently that he exists with a chronic illness and a disability. It exerts an effect on the on the daily activities of the patient in the given case scenario. The analysis of case study highlighted that nurse should not also understand the interaction of other factors such as environmental and social barrier to judge the level of severity of disease. Understanding of the health challenges that can limit patients daily life activities will help in planning effective therapeutic intervention for patient with diabetes and cognitive impairment. References Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., Wagner, C. (2013).Nursing interventions classification (NIC). Elsevier Health Sciences. Connelly, J., Kirk, A., Masthoff, J., MacRury, S. (2013). The use of technology to promote physical activity in Type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review.Diabetic Medicine,30(12), 1420-1432. Corry, M., Clarke, M., While, A. E., Lalor, J. (2013). Developing complex interventions for nursing: a critical review of key guidelines.Journal of Clinical Nursing,22(17-18), 2366-2386. Escorpizo, R., Kostanjsek, N., Kennedy, C., Nicol, M. M. R., Stucki, G., stn, T. B. (2013). Harmonizing WHOs International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): importance and methods to link disease and functioning.BMC public health,13(1), 1. Foley, K. R., Girdler, S., Downs, J., Jacoby, P., Bourke, J., Lennox, N., ... Leonard, H. (2014). Relationship between family quality of life and day occupations of young people with Down syndrome.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,49(9), 1455-1465. Gregg, E. W., Chen, H., Wagenknecht, L. E., Clark, J. M., Delahanty, L. M., Bantle, J., ... Pi-Sunyer, F. X. (2012). Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes.Jama,308(23), 2489-2496. Gulanick, M., Myers, J. L. (2013).Nursing care plans: nursing diagnosis and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Heinrich, E., Schaper, N. C., de Vries, N. K. (2015). Self-management interventions for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.European Diabetes Nursing. Heinrich, E., Schaper, N. C., de Vries, N. K. (2015). Self-management interventions for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.European Diabetes Nursing. Ley, S. H., Hamdy, O., Mohan, V., Hu, F. B. (2014). Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies.The Lancet,383(9933), 1999-2007. Look AHEAD Research Group. (2013). Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes.N engl J med,2013(369), 145-154. Pal, K., Eastwood, S. V., Michie, S., Farmer, A. J., Barnard, M. L., Peacock, R., ... Murray, E. (2013). Computerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based diabetes selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane Library. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rouquette, A., Badley, E. M., Falissard, B., Dub, T., Leplege, A., Coste, J. (2015). Moderators, mediators, and bidirectional relationships in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework: An empirical investigation using a longitudinal design and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).Social Science Medicine,135, 133-142. Scheen, A. J. (2014). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.Acta Clinica Belgica. Steinsbekk, A., Rygg, L., Lisulo, M., Rise, M. B., Fretheim, A. (2012). Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC health services research,12(1), 1. Wu, S. F. V., Huang, Y. C., Lee, M. C., Wang, T. J., Tung, H. H., Wu, M. P. (2013). Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ efficacy, selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ care behavior, anxiety, and depression in Taiwanese with type 2 diabetes: A crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sectional survey.Nursing health sciences,15(2), 213-219.

The Expulsion of the Acadians

Introduction The expulsion of the Acadians from the British Colony of Nova Scotia by Governor Charles Lawrence is one of the best-known cases of forced displacement of European colonists in North America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Expulsion of the Acadians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Acadians originated from French and they moved and settled at the North American Northeastern region called Acadia. This area was taken over by the British in 1713 and it was renamed Nova Scotia.1 However, the majority of inhabitants in the area remained Acadians. The British allowed the Acadians to retain their land and continue to practice their culture. In 1955, the British decided to expel the Acadians for a number of reasons. The expulsion of the Acadia is the first major episode of state-sponsored ethnic cleansing in North American history. The necessity of the expulsion of the Acadians has been deba ted by historians for a number of centuries. While some argue that the expulsion was unnecessary, some declare that it was necessary for the integrity of the British administration in the region. This paper will argue that Governor Lawrence who issued the command for the expulsion of the Acadians had sufficient reason and justification to engage in this act. The Acadians in North America The Acadians were the French colonists who immigrated to northeastern North America and settled in the region. French immigration into the region started in earnest during the mid 17th century. French settlers moved to the colony and established the Acadian colony. By the 18th century, the population of the Acadians had exploded and their number was approximated 15,000. However, rivalries among European powers led to conflicts in the region. France and Britain were significant rival powers in North America.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The colony of Acadia was constantly being moved from Britain to French control depending on which country was exerting dominance in the region. In 1713, The British gained control over Acadia following their victory in the Spanish Succession War. In an attempt to establish lasting peace, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713.2 This treaty sought to end the war by allocating specific regions to the European powers. The region of Acadia was awarded to the British Empire who began to administer the area. The British had shown great consideration to the Acadians even after they had gained control over the territory in 1713. Following the victory of the Britons, the French Acadians were allowed to retain their land and property.3 They were also given the freedom to engage in activities just as they had in the past and Britain did not impose her religious preferences on Acadia. However, the situation for the Acadians changed over the 1740s. During this period, the French and British renewed their war efforts against each other.4 The British began to demand for Acadian support in the conflict. The Britons had asked the Acadians to declare their unequivocal allegiance to Britain. Acadians were to recognize themselves as unconditional subjects of the British Crown. However, the Acadian delegates asserted that they wished to remain neutral in the event of a war between Britain and their motherland, France.5Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Expulsion of the Acadians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In response to this, a command was issued by Governor Lawrence for the Acadians to be expelled and dispersed to other colonies all over the New World. Reasons for Expelling the Acadians The expulsion of the Acadians was justified since Britain needed strong allies in the event of a war. Before the expulsion, the British military had suffered from a major defeat in the North American war in the Ohio country. At the battlegrounds near Fort Duquesne, the British army had suffered a catastrophic defeat and casualty rates were approaching 40%.6 With such realities, Governor Lawrence needed strong assurance that the Acadians would be on his side in the likely outbreak of war. The Acadians were not willing to take an oath of loyalty to the British and this brought to question their allegiance. As the Governor of Nova Scotia, Lawrence had the right to take up action to ensure that British territory was protected. The Acadians were living under British jurisdiction and it was prudent for the governor to ensure that his subjects were loyal to him. Through their delegates, the Acadians had refused to take the unqualified oath and swear allegiance to the British crown. Governor Lawrence could not be assured that these people would not act as spies in the British governed land. In spite of their alleged neutrality, some Acadians were in volved in military activity against the British. Specifically, British officials had alleged that the Acadians were giving provisions to the French and Indian raiders.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This support from the Acadians made it possible for the raiders to engage in increasingly aggressive attacks against British targets deep in Nova Scotia. British officials confronted Acadian leaders accusing them of colluding with their enemies. When confronted with these accusations, the Acadians claimed that they had only given up provisions under duress imposed by the French soldiers and the fierce Mikmaq warriors. While it is conceivable that the Acadians had been forced to offer help against their will, the fact that they facilitated attacks against the British made them a liability to the British. Governor Lawrence therefore had enough reason to expel them and ensure that the invading enemies would not have any local support. By the time, Britain was demanding for a â€Å"declaration of unequivocal allegiance to British interests† from the Acadians, the war with France had begun. An imperial war was going on between France and Britain with both powers trying to control North America. In their quest for supremacy in North America, both Britain and France wanted to possess greater territory through military conquest.7 Nova Scotia was one of the regions anticipating war and it could be expected that the French would try taking the province of Britain through military means. Taylor bleakly observes that various European colonizers butchered and dispossessed one another in violent competition for prime settlements.8 It was therefore prudent for Governor Lawrence to ensure that there were no enemy sympathizers within his territory. The expulsion of the Acadians was seen as a military necessity by Governor Lawrence. By 1755, Nova Scotia was expecting attacks and it was necessary for the province to fortify itself. The Acadians presented a military risk since they had refused to take a loyalty oath to the Britons. Governor Lawrence therefore needed to take all the precautionary measures necessary to ensure national self-preservation. Expelling the Acadian s was a necessary act since these people presented an internal threat to Nova Scotia. Douglas and Jones assert that Lawrence acted like the commander of a fort expecting a siege who takes all the necessary precautions to ensure that his Fort is prepared to counter any siege attempts from the enemy.9 The Acadians had a deep relationship with the native Mikmaq Indians who were a constant trouble to the British. Taylor reveals that when the French first established trading posts along the Atlantic Ocean, they engaged in trade with the Mikmaq Indians. This thriving trade relationship led to the establishment of a small settlement of French peasants beginning in 1636. This French settlement was facilitated by the Indians who assisted the French and transformed the peasants into a new people called the Acadians.10 Frequent intermarriages between the French and the Mikmaq strengthened the bond between these two groups. The harmonious coexistence between the two groups richly benefited the Acadians who were able to prosper and expand their territory. The relationship between the British and the Mikmaq was not as cordial. The Britain had encroached into Indian Territory and they engaged in violent reprisal of these natives. In retaliation, the Indians carried out raids on the British colonies in America. The Mikmaq had also acted in collaboration with the French to fight the British. Governor Lawrence cited the Acadian French friendliness with the local Indians as one of the reasons for the expulsion.11 The Acadians were trying to establish independence from any form or outside authority. Governing the Acadians was therefore a hard task for the colonial authorities. While originally under French control, the Acadians started to demonstrate their independence once they started to prosper in the colony. The Acadians were notoriously independent of any authority that demanded any inconvenience.12 They defied French officials and traded their crops with New England merchan ts even though the French Authorities had restricted them from doing this. The Acadians rarely paid tax or tithe and they refused to obey their superiors. The Acadians did not change their attitude towards authority even when the British took control of Nova Scotia from the France and began to rule the region. The British needed to have a significant fighting force in the event of an attack from the French. In addition to the standing army, the British relied on the colonies to serve in the provincial militia in the event of a war. The Acadians had made it clear that they would not join either the British or the French in battle.13 However, they were occupying British territory and benefiting from British protection. The British wanted to replace the French Acadians with English settlers who could be relied upon to protect the crown.14 Governor Lawrence therefore had good reason to expel the Acadians and free up the land for British settlers. These new settlers could be relied upon to serve in the provincial militia against the French and the Indians. Arguments against the Expulsion Opponents of the expulsion of the Acadians claim that Governor Lawrence had no real reason for his action. They highlight that the Acadians had remained in the territory for decades without ever allying themselves to the French. In response to the doubts about Acadian loyalty presented by the British, the Acadians through their delegates claimed, â€Å"you will see, that, very far from violating the oath we have taken, we have maintained it in its entirety, in spite of the solicitations and the dreadful threats of another power†.15 This suggests that they were willing to sever ties with the French and live independently. The Acadians wished to be considered neutral people who would not fight against the Britons. As proof of their loyalty, the Acadians declared that they had never fought for France between 1713 and 1755.16 Instead, they had remained neutral even as their home country had battled out with the Britain in North America. While this might be the case, the Acadians held some attachment to their French origins. It should be noted that the Acadians refused to swear an oath of allegiance to Britain since they did not wish to take up arms against the French, whom they considered their kin. Governor Lawrence was therefore justified in expelling the Acadians since their allegiance to the French could not be completely ruled out. The Acadians had demonstrated a willingness to remain in British territory even when the French attempted to entice them to move to French controlled regions. Once the region of Acadia had been awarded to the British Empire, the French administration tried to remove the Acadians from the region. French officials wanted the Acadians to settle at the new fortified settlement at Louisbourg. The French attempted to force the Acadians to relocate into French territory by adopting a policy of destruction and intimidation.17 Howev er, the Acadians preferred the peace and comforts of their well-established farms on British territory. It is therefore likely that the Acadians would not side with the French in the case of an attack against the British. However, Governor Lawrence would be taking a risk since there was no guarantee of Acadian loyalty. Governor Lawrence already suspected the Acadians of treachery following the attack on Fort Beausejour where 200 Acadians were captured fighting alongside the French. Expelling the Acadians was the only sure way of ensuring that these people did not turn against the Britons. Discussion Some popular writings on the event have cast Governor Lawrence and the British as villains. In such texts, the British are portrayed as cruel people who engage in the great crime of dispossessing thousands of the peaceful Acadians just because of their French origins and Catholic culture. Historians record that the expulsion of the Acadians effectively destroyed Acadian society. In a mat ter of days, the Acadian community, which had established itself in Nova Scotia for over a century, was broken up and families were dispersed. The Acadians are absolved of any responsibility they might have had for their deportation. It is true that the displacement of the Acadians led to great losses as their way of life was destroyed. However, the British did this in order to protect their national self-interests. The Acadians were given a chance by Governor Lawrence to save themselves. The refusal by the Acadians to take the oath proved that they could never become loyal subjects to the crown. After that, the Governor had no choice but to displace the Acadians. Conclusion This paper set out to demonstrate that Governor Lawrence had sufficient reason to expel the Acadians in 1755. It began by documenting the historical events surrounding this great expulsion. The paper has articulated that Governor Lawrence’s’ expulsion order was prompted by the failure to make the A cadians into completely trustworthy subjects of the British Crown. From this paper, it is clear that the Acadians were to blame for refusing to take the loyalty oath that would have proved to the British that they were not hostiles. The paper has taken care to highlight the cruel nature of the expulsion. It has noted that the expulsion led to great losses by the Acadians who were uprooted from their homes. However, this action was necessary from a military point of view. Governor Lawrence’s actions served as a final solution of the Acadian problem that had long faced the British in Nova Scotia. Bibliography Acadian Delegates. Letter from Acadians in Minas and Pisiquid to Governor Lawrence, read into the Minutes of the Nova Scotia Council, 3 July 1755. Quebec: Public Documents, 1755. Douglas, Francis and Jones Richard. Journeys: A History of Canada. Quebec: Cengage Learning, 2009. French, Laurence. Legislating Indian Country: Significant Milestones in Transforming Tribalism. N Y: Peter Lang, 2007. Minutes of the Albany Commissioners of Indian Affairs (MACIA). An Abridgment of the Indian Affairs Contained in Four Folio Volumes, Transacted in the Colony of New York, from the Year 1723–1748. Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1820. Parmenter, Jon and Power Mark. â€Å"The Perils and Possibilities of Wartime Neutrality on the Edges of Empire: Iroquois and Acadians between the French and British in North America, 1744–1760.† Diplomatic History 31, no.2 (2007): 167-206 Poliandri, Simone. First Nations, Identity, and Reserve Life: The Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Rothbard, Murray. Conceived in Liberty, Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1975. Taylor, Alan. â€Å"Cleansings†. New Republic 232, no. 20 (2005): 29-33. Thorner, Thomas. A Few Acres of Snow: Documents in Pre-Confederation Canadian History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Wentworth, Benning. Letters from Benning W entworth to the Duke of Newcastle, 10 June 1744. London: Public Record Office, 1744. Footnotes 1 Thomas Thorner, A Few Acres of Snow: Documents in Pre-Confederation Canadian History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009), 41. 2 Simone Poliandri, First Nations, Identity, and Reserve Life: The Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia (Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, 2011), 200. 3 Thomas, 41. 4 Benning Wentworth, Letters from Benning Wentworth to the Duke of Newcastle, 10 June 1744 (London: Great Britain, Public Record Office, 1744), 35. 5 Minutes of the Albany Commissioners of Indian Affairs (MACIA), An Abridgment of the Indian Affairs Contained in Four Folio Volumes, Transacted in the Colony of New York, from the Year 1723–1748 (Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1820) 23. 6 Francis Douglas and Richard Jones, Journeys: A History of Canada (Quebec: Cengage Learning, 2009), 67. 7 Jon Parmenter and Mark Power, â€Å"The Perils and Possibilities of Wartime Neutrality on the Edges of Empire: Iroquois and Acadians between the French and British in North America, 1744–1760,† Diplomatic History 31, no.2 (2007): 171, 8 Alan Taylor, â€Å"Cleansings,† New Republic 232, no. 20 (2005): 30. 9 Francis and Richard, 67. 10 Alan, 30. 11 Laurence French, Legislating Indian Country: Significant Milestones in Transforming Tribalism (NY: Peter Lang, 2007), 20. 12 Alan, 31. 13 MACIA, 23. 14 Laurence, 19. 15 Acadian Delegates, Letter from Acadians in Minas and Pisiquid to Governor Lawrence, read into the Minutes of the Nova Scotia Council, 3 July 1755 (Quebec: Public Documents, 1755), 247. 16 Francis and Richard, 67. 17 Parmenter, Jon and Power 198 This research paper on The Expulsion of the Acadians was written and submitted by user Bridget Warren to help you with your own studies. 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